HEALTH
Introduction
Health is one of the most valuable treasures a person can have. As the World Health Organization defines it, health is not merely the absence of disease, but a state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing. In today’s modern lifestyle filled with stress, unhealthy eating, and lack of exercise, maintaining good health has become a real challenge. Yet, without health, even the richest people cannot enjoy life. As Emerson wisely said, "Health is wealth”.
The word "health" comes from the Old English word "hale," which means wholeness or being whole and sound. Good health is essential for every living being, as it reflects the physical and mental wellbeing that influences our daily lives. As Ralph Waldo Emerson once said, "Health is wealth," and Mahatma Gandhi said, "It is health that is real wealth and not pieces of gold and silver".
Why is good health is important? Being healthy, both mentally and physically, allows a person to enjoy life fully. It increases our ability to work efficiently and allow us to travel freely and enjoy life. Rich or poor, anyone can suffer from illness health does not discriminate. For instance, a diabetic person cannot enjoy sweet treats like ice cream or traditional sweets. They must limit their sugar intake, unlike a healthy individual who can eat freely without worry. Therefore, maintaining good health is not just a personal matter, but a necessity for a fulfilling and joyful life.
Hippocrates an ancient Greek physician is known as the “Father of Medicine”. He is credited with establishing a scientific approach to medicine, distinguishing it from religious or superstitious practices. Hippocrates is commonly portrayed as the paragon of the ancient physician and credited with coining the Hippocratic Oath, which is still relevant and in use today.
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Bottom of Form
Symbol of Medicine
The rod of Asclepius is the historically correct symbol of the medical profession and is employed worldwide. Asclepius was the Greek god of medicine or healing. The rod is often depicted as a fat club being held by Asclepius with a single snake, gentle and benign, wrapped around it, consistent with gentle healing and idealized medicine.
The rod of Asclepius is recognized as the symbol of medicine which we see usually see on Ambulance, Hospitals and clinics which symbolizes healing, renewal, and the power of knowledge.
In our today’s world major health issues comes from long sitting hour on a place, which limit our movements, physical work and cause obesity. Obesity is the major cause for many minor and major diseases. In today’s hustle life where we can’t have proper healthy meals most of the youngsters usually eat fast foods because it’s cheap, can eat anywhere and easily consumable but major issue come after they consume it on regular basis which makes them obese high cholesterol in body and then major diseases like stomach pain, heart attack, gastric and digestion problems.
Therefore, understanding the importance of health and the principles that guide medical care is essential for leading a balanced and fulfilling life.
History of Medicine and Health Around the World
Medicines and surgery before 1800 were in their early stages of the trial-and-error phase. In the past, several caves and inscriptions were historians finding evidence of surgery, skull cut by sharp objects, different surgical tools discovered in various sites, and there are many pictures on caves that show that in the early era, surgery and medicine were in use. Magic and religion played a large part in the medicine of prehistoric or early human society. Administration of a vegetable drug or remedy by mouth was accompanied by incantations, dancing, grimaces, and all tricks of the magician. Therefore, the first-time doctors, or “medicine men,” were witch doctors or sorcerers. The use of charms and talismans, which is still prevalent in modern times, is of ancient origin.
Earliest form of medicines performed by Ancient civilization
Indian Medicine: Ayurveda, detailed in texts like the Charakasamhita and Sushrutasamhita, focused on balancing bodily substances and included surgical techniques, such as plastic surgery and cataract operations.
Chinese Medicine: Traditional Chinese medicine aims to balance these forces within the body. Practices included acupuncture, herbal remedies, and moxibustion, with foundational texts such as Huangdi Neijing dating back to the 3rd millennium BCE.
Mesopotamian Medicine: Known from clay tablets and the Code of Hammurabi, Mesopotamian medicine involves divination and rudimentary surgical practices, with severe penalties for medical failures.
Egyptian Medicine: Highlighted by figures such as Imhotep, Egyptian medicine included surgical treatments and herbal remedies documented in papyri, such as the Ebers Papyrus.
Modern Medicine
The Renaissance marked a turning point in the history of medicine, especially between the 16th and 18th centuries. This era saw a rise in scientific experiments and detailed studies of human anatomy, laying the foundation for modern medical practice.
One major breakthrough came in 1804 when German scientist Friedrich Serturner developed morphine as the first modern painkiller. This was followed by the discovery of other key medicines such as quinine and paracetamol.
Doctors have become more methodical in diagnosing diseases, and surgeries have become safer with the introduction of antiseptics and anesthesia. Public health has also become a major focus, leading to the establishment of hospitals and improved healthcare systems.
From the mid-18th to the early 19th centuries, medicine became a recognized profession. This period also opened doors for women in the medical field, where many began to work as nurses and physicians.
Global leading pharmaceutical companies (2024)
As of 2024, Roche Pharmaceutical Company, which is located in Basel, Switzerland, has a sale of $69,753 which is highest in the top 10 company list and the second line is Merck which is situated in Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA with the sale of $60,115, and the last in the top 10 companies is GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), which is located in Brentford, United Kingdom, with sales of $38,609. GlaxoSmithKline in comparison to Roche have $31,114 approximately 44.61% difference between them.
History of Medicine and Health in India
Health and medicine in India have a history as rich and diverse as its culture. From ancient times, India has been a pioneer in medical knowledge, blending science, spirituality, and nature to heal the human body. Long before modern hospitals existed, sages and physicians were studying diseases, developing treatments, and performing surgeries with remarkable precision. Systems like Ayurveda and Yoga emerged thousands of years ago, focusing on holistic wellbeing balancing the mind, body, and environment. The Sushruta Samhita, written centuries ago, details surgical techniques that astonish doctors even today. Meanwhile, Charaka’s teachings laid the foundation for diagnosis and natural remedies.
Over time, India absorbed medical wisdom from other civilizations, including Greek, Persian, and Arabic traditions, enriching its own practices. The colonial period introduced Western medicine, leading to hospitals and medical colleges. After independence, India made leaps in public health, pharmaceuticals, and medical research, becoming a global hub for affordable healthcare.
Ayurveda: Ayurveda is a whole-body (holistic) system of medicine that began in India more than 3,000 years ago. Ayurveda means the study of life. It takes a natural approach to all aspects of health and well-being.
Ayurveda is based on the idea that each person has certain life forces and everything in the universe is connected. Ayurveda mostly uses nutrition, lifestyle changes, and natural treatments. These are used to support balance and a return to health. Ayurveda is very focused on overall health. But it may use specific treatments for some diseases.
To promote traditional Indian system of Medicine under Ayush, the Ministry of Ayush is implementing Centrally Sponsored Scheme National Ayush Mission (NAM) and Central Sector Schemes providing financial assistance for promotion and popularisation of Ayush systems of medicine at National and International level namely, Ayush Oushadhi Gunavatta evam Uttpadan Samvardhan Yojana (AOGUSY), Promotion of International Cooperation (IC), Promotion of Information, Education and Communication (IEC), Scheme for Conservation, Development and Sustainable Management of Medicinal Plants (CDSMMP), Ayurswasthaya Yojana and Ayurgyan.
Major Ayurvedic Centers in India
12 National Institutes and 05 Research Councils under Ministry of Ayush are engaged in co-ordinating, formulating, developing, promoting and popularizing Ayush system of healthcare:
· All India Institute of Ayurveda, New Delhi
· National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur
· Rashtriya Ayurveda Vidyapeeth, Delhi
· National Institute of Naturopathy, Pune
· North Eastern Institute of Ayurveda & Homoeopathy, Shillong
· North Eastern Institute of Ayurveda and Folk Medicine Research, Pasighat.
· National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bengaluru
· Institute of Teaching & Research in Ayurveda, Jamnagar
· National Institute of Siddha, Chennai
· National Institute of Homoeopathy, Kolkata
· Morarji Desai National Institute of Yoga, New Delhi
· National Institute Of Sowa Rigpa (NISR), Leh
· Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences (CCRAS)
· Central Council for Research in Yoga and Naturopathy (CCRYN)
· Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine (CCRUM)
· Central Council for Research in Siddha (CCRS)
· Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy (CCRH)
Top 10 Pharmaceutical companies in Indi
Sun Pharmaceutical Industries leads India's pharmaceutical sector with a market capitalization of ₹3,47,260 crores, followed by Divi’s Laboratories at ₹1,48,474 crores and Cipla at ₹1,18,167 crores. Torrent Pharmaceuticals holds ₹1,05,849 crores, Mankind Pharma ₹97,010 crores, and Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories ₹92,554 crores.
Lupin and Zydus Lifesciences have market capitalizations of ₹89,900 crores and ₹87,366 crores respectively. Aurobindo Pharma’s market cap is 23,098, while Glenmark Pharmaceuticals reported a revenue of ₹11,250 crores in FY 2023.
Top 10 Hospitals in India: In which the All India Institute of Medical Science (AIIMS), Delhi is on top, followed by AIIMS Bhubaneswar and at last Patna Medical College Hospital (PMCH).
1. All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Delhi
5. National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS)
10. Patna Medical College Hospital (PMCH), Patna
According to Newsweek data on top hospital list of worlds, India All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi rank 91, other than AIIMS the Medanta the Medicity from India Gurugram ranks 146 and PGIMER- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research from Chandigarh ranks 228 in the world’s Top hospital list. The top hospital Mayo Clinic – Rochester from Untied states of America ranks 1st in the list.
India Rank in Health care Index (2024)
India overall Health care Index is 45.84 with the rank of 29 according to 2024 data. The 1st rank goes to Taiwan with the Healthcare index of 78.72 following that South Korea rank 2 with Health care index of 77.7 and last the El Salvador with the health care index of 18.6 at the last with the rank of 110.
What India lacking to become rank 1 in Health care Index?
Cause and solution
1. Inadequate infrastructure: India has population of 143.81 which is the most populated country as of 2023 data. In that compare India infrastructure to healthcare system is not capable enough, in healthcare infrastructure particularly in rural areas there are shortage of equipment’s faculties, and personnel.
Solution: To increase public health care spending, expand healthcare insurance, introducing more schemes like AYUSH, usage of AI and new technologies in healthcare sectors.
2. Shortage of healthcare professionals: Shortage of healthcare professional is major issue when our country population reached 143.81 crores. There are many vacant seats for different medical professionals in different states to cover for example Bihar.
Solution: Providing scholarships to medical students, providing facilities of Government medical universities not just in urban but rural areas also. Filling vacant medical seats across different states. India has improved its doctor population ratio around 1: 836 which is better than WHO standard of 1: 1000, but we should not stop there and try to increase doctor population ratio so medical facilities can be provided to everyone in cheaper cost.
3. Disparities in access: disparities to access medical facilities to obtain necessary care across different population group. Individuals with limited English proficiency may find it challenging to communicate with healthcare providers.
Lower income people or who are poor get bad treatment as compared to rich people in medical clinics and hospitals. It’s necessary to understand medical information, and navigate the healthcare system.
Solution: Providing subsides to different population groups so they can access better healthcare facilities. Providing low-cost healthcare system for poor and financially aid people.
Using of new technology in healthcare sector for example ABHA card which provides digitalized medical records, easy access to doctors and healthcare professionals.
4. Urban rural divide: One of the major disparities we usually see in urban areas they have proper medical facilities, medicines and healthcare professionals but when we look into rural areas there is no such facilities, still today in many rural areas for small wounds and fever, body pain until it gets worse, they don’t go to clinic or hospital.
Solution: Providing awareness camps for different diseases and benefits of early treatments of diseases, providing better medical facilities in urban areas with reasonable cost, awareness about emergency treatments government schemes.
How India is good in health to other countries?
Health Care Index by Country 2025
Countries ranked below India include:
· Jordan
· Oman
· Italy
· South Africa
· Pakistan
According to the World Health Organization, India's healthy life expectancy at birth improved from 54.1 years in 2000 to 58.1 years in 2021. While this indicates progress, it remains below the global average, highlighting ongoing health challenges.
India's healthcare system exhibits several strengths that contribute to its comparative advantages over countries like Jordan, Oman, Italy, South Africa, and Pakistan. Key factors include:
1. Expanding Healthcare Infrastructure
India has significantly invested in healthcare infrastructure, with over 8,18,000 beds available across Primary Health Centres (PHCs), Community Health Centres (CHCs), Sub-District Hospitals (SDHs), District Hospitals (DHs), and Medical Colleges as of March 2023.
2. Robust Immunization Programs
India's Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) has achieved substantial coverage, with full immunization rates among children aged 12–23 months reaching 76.4%, according to the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5).
3. Increasing Government Health Expenditure
The Indian government's health expenditure has seen a significant rise, increasing by 85% from ₹47,353 crore in 2017–18 to ₹87,657 crore in 2024–25.
4. Comprehensive Health Information Systems
India's Health Management Information System (HMIS) facilitates data-driven decision-making by collecting and analyzing health data from approximately 2 lakh health facilities nationwide.
These factors collectively enhance India's healthcare delivery and public health outcomes, positioning it favorably in comparison to the mentioned countries.
Schemes
!. National Ayush Mission: The aim of (NAM) is to provide:
- Cost-effective and equitable AYUSH healthcare all over India by enhancing access to the services.
- Strengthening and revitalising the AYUSH systems enabling them to become prominent medical streams in the country in the healthcare sector.
- Improving educational institutions that can impart knowledge in AYUSH streams.
- Promoting quality control of AYUSH drugs by developing quality standards and ensuring the availability of AYUSH raw materials.
Budget Estimate of National Ayush Mission from 2021 to 2025:
The budget estimates of NAM had significantly increased from 2021 to 2025. In 2021 the Budget estimate was 553.8 crores and in 2025 is 1,275 crores which shows 130.24. It also shows that there is a sudden increase in budget estimate from 2022 to 2023 of 400 crores, then it stagnates in 2024 and increased from 1200 to 1275 crores around 75 crore increments in budget estimate.
2. Ayushman Bharat – Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY)
- ₹5 lakh free health insurance per year for poor families.
- Covers 10.74 crore families.
- Reduces out-of-pocket medical expenses.
- Free treatment at public & private empanelled hospitals.
- Pan-India portability use benefits anywhere in India.
- Focuses on quality secondary & tertiary care.
- Promotes digital health records and transparency.
- Encourages private sector participation.
- Supports Universal Health Coverage (UHC) goals.
PM-JAY budget from 2021 was 6,400 crore and then it increased in 2022 to 6,412 crores, in 2023 it rises to 7,200 crores, in 2024 7,500 crores and lastly in 2025 it rises to 9,406 crores. From 2024 to 2025 it increases 1906 crore approximately 25.41% increase in budget of 2025.
Yoga
Yoga is an ancient Indian discipline that harmonizes the body, mind, and spirit. Its origins trace back to the Indus-Saraswati Valley civilization around 2700 B.C., where it emerged as a holistic practice for physical, mental, and spiritual well-being
Core Practices in Yoga
The foundational practices of yoga, as outlined by Patanjali, include:
- Yama: Ethical restraints (e.g., non-violence, truthfulness).
- Niyama: Personal observances (e.g., cleanliness, contentment).
- Asana: Physical postures promoting strength and flexibility.
- Pranayama: Breath control techniques to regulate life force.
- Pratyahara: Withdrawal of senses to focus inward
- Dharana: Concentration on a single point or idea
- Dhyana: Meditative absorption leading to heightened awareness.
- Samadhi: State of blissful union with the self
Key Government Yoga Schemes
1. AYURGYAN Yojana
A Central Sector Scheme under the Ministry of Ayush, AYURGYAN supports education and research in Ayush disciplines, including yoga. It provides financial assistance for research activities and the development of educational infrastructure.
2. Information, Education, and Communication (IEC) Scheme
This scheme aims to raise awareness about Ayush systems through various media campaigns, seminars, and workshops, with a focus on rural outreach.
3. National AYUSH Mission (NAM)
NAM provides financial assistance to states and union territories for establishing AYUSH wellness centers, including those focusing on yoga and naturopathy, to promote holistic health care
4. Voluntary Certification Scheme for Yoga Professionals
Launched by the Ministry of Ayush in collaboration with the Quality Council of India, this scheme certifies yoga professionals to ensure standardized teaching and practice.
5. PM Yoga Awards
Announced annually on International Day of Yoga, these awards recognize outstanding contributions to the promotion and development of yoga at national and international levels.
Advantages of yoga
Physical Health Conditions Addressed by Yoga Therapy
- Musculoskeletal Issues: Yoga therapy is effective in managing chronic back pain, arthritis, and improving joint flexibility and posture.
- Cardiovascular Health: Regular practice can aid in reducing high blood pressure and improving heart health by lowering stress and inflammation levels.
- Respiratory Conditions: Breathing exercises in yoga can benefit individuals with asthma and other respiratory issues by enhancing lung function.
- Metabolic Disorders: Yoga supports weight management and can assist in controlling diabetes by improving insulin sensitivity
Mental and Emotional Health
1. BenefitsAnxiety and Depression: Yoga therapy can alleviate symptoms of anxiety and depression by promoting relaxation and reducing stress hormones.
- Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Mindfulness and breathing techniques in yoga help in managing PTSD symptoms by fostering a sense of safety and grounding.
- Addiction Recovery: Yoga supports individuals in recovery by enhancing self-awareness and coping mechanisms.
- Sleep Disorders: Regular practice can improve sleep quality by calming the nervous system and reducing insomnia.
Major countries to use Yoga in their lifestyle
It shows India with 150 million yoga practitioners and following them is united states and Canada with 35 and 7.6 million yoga practitioners.
Limitations:
Yoga, originating from India, faces several limitations that hinder its widespread practice across the country:
- Limited Participation
Despite its cultural roots, only about 11.8% of the Indian population practices yoga regularly, with a significant knowledge–practice gap.
- Barriers to Practice
Common obstacles include time constraints, family and occupational commitments, lack of encouragement, and limited access to yoga centers, especially in rural areas.
- Commercialization and Dilution
The global commercialization of yoga has led to its transformation into a fitness trend, often overshadowing its spiritual and philosophical roots.
- Quality of Instruction
The proliferation of yoga instructors without standardized training has resulted in varying levels of teaching quality, affecting the effectiveness and safety of yoga practices.
- Health and Safety Concerns
Improper practice of yoga poses can lead to injuries, especially among individuals with pre-existing health conditions.
- Cultural and Religious Sensitivities
Yoga's association with Hindu philosophy can lead to resistance in certain communities, particularly among those who view it as incompatible with their religious beliefs.
- Urban-Rural Disparities
Yoga practice is more prevalent in urban areas due to better infrastructure and awareness. In contrast, rural regions face challenges such as limited access to yoga centers and a lack of trained instructors.
Epidemic: Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious bacterial infection primarily affecting the lungs, though it can also impact other organs. It is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. TB spreads through the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks.
Common symptoms of TB are:
- Prolonged cough (sometimes with blood)
- Chest pain
- Weakness
- Fatigue
- Weight loss
- Fever
- Night sweats
Top Countries with Low TB Incidence Rates:
- United States
The U.S. has one of the lowest TB incidence rates globally, with approximately two out of every 100,000 people diagnosed with TB in 2020. - Canada
Canada's TB incidence rate is also among the lowest, reflecting strong public health policies and healthcare access. - Australia
Australia reports a low TB incidence, attributed to effective screening and treatment programs. - Germany
Germany has a low TB incidence rate, supported by comprehensive healthcare services and preventive measures. - United Kingdom
The UK maintains a low TB incidence, thanks to robust public health initiatives and early detection strategies. - France
France reports a low TB incidence rate, reflecting effective control programs and healthcare infrastructure. - Italy
Italy has a low TB incidence, supported by effective screening and treatment programs. - Japan
Japan maintains a low TB incidence rate, attributed to strong public health policies and healthcare access. - South Korea
South Korea reports a low TB incidence, reflecting effective control measures and healthcare infrastructure.
10. Singapore
Singapore has one of the lowest TB incidence rates globally, due to comprehensive healthcare services and preventive measures.
Countries with the highest tuberculosis (TB) burden
· India – 26% of global TB cases
· Indonesia – 10%
· China – 6.8%
· Philippines – 6.8%
· Pakistan – 6.3%
· Nigeria – 4.6%
· Bangladesh – 3.5
· Democratic Republic of the Congo – 3.1%
Why India has high tuberculosis burden?
Underfunded Program:
· India allocated only two-thirds of the required budget under its National Strategic Plan (NSP) for TB elimination.
· For example, Rs 123.27 billion earmarked for 2017–2020, only Rs 83.13 billion was actually allocated.
Poor Investment in Diagnostics:
· Only 2.1% of the TB budget was spent on diagnostics up to 2023–24.
· Outdated smear microscopy is still widely used over advanced NAAT-based testing.
Drug Shortages & Stockouts:
Frequent shortages of essential TB and MDR-TB drugs due to delays in procurement.
· Even after high spending, inefficiencies in tendering led to treatment disruptions.
Manpower & Infrastructure Gaps:
· Many states face significant vacancies in key TB program roles.
· Health facilities are often under-equipped and understaffed.
· In states like Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra, and Odisha, low fund utilization is partly linked to weak staffing and poor infrastructure.
Financial Burden on Patients:
· Over 45% of TB-affected families face catastrophic health costs.
· Many patients do not receive government benefits like the Nikshay Poshan Yojana
Ineffective Implementation:
· Several states underutilized their TB budgets.
· Poor data management and coordination impact the quality of care.
· With a reduction from 211 to 199 TB cases per 100,000 population, progress is slow compared to the target of reducing it to 44.
· About 17.23% of patients in Chhattisgarh did not receive the benefits of the NPY, the CAG had found in 2024.
Why United States have low tuberculosis burden?
• Strong Public Health System
Every state has dedicated TB control teams who monitor and manage cases closely.
A real-time tracking system helps catch outbreaks early and respond fast.
• Quick Diagnosis & Treatment
People have easy access to tests like chest X-rays, skin tests, and modern diagnostics.
Once TB is found—whether active or not—treatment starts right away, which stops it from spreading.
• Stopping TB Before It Starts
The U.S. focuses on treating “silent” TB (called latent TB) in high-risk people before it becomes active.
This preventive step is a big reason why TB doesn’t spread much.
• Contact Tracing That Works
When someone has TB, health workers quickly reach out to anyone who’s been close to them.
These contacts are tested and treated early, preventing more infections.
• Screening at the Border
Immigrants from countries with more TB are tested before they enter the U.S.
That helps control new TB cases from being brought in.
• Better Living Conditions
Less crowded housing, better nutrition, and lower HIV rates all reduce the risk of TB spreading.
Clean water, sanitation, and good hygiene also play a big role.
• People Know About TB
Awareness campaigns help people understand TB symptoms and seek help early.
Because there's less stigma, people aren’t afraid to come forward if they feel sick.
• Steady Funding & Smart Research
The U.S. government consistently funds TB programs and new research.
New tools like shorter treatments and better tests are used as soon as they’re available.
Conclusion
Health is the foundation of any strong and thriving society, and India's journey in this space is truly a unique blend of ancient traditions and modern innovation. From the time-tested practices of Ayurveda and Yoga to the growing network of hospitals and digital health services, India has come a long way in improving the well-being of its people.
Yet, despite this progress, some serious challenges remain. Many areas still struggle with poor infrastructure, a shortage of trained medical professionals, and an uneven distribution of healthcare between cities and villages. Diseases like tuberculosis continue to affect large numbers of people, showing us how much more work is needed.
To tackle these issues, the government has rolled out initiatives like the National AYUSH Mission and Ayushman Bharat, which aim to make healthcare more accessible and affordable. These programs hold great promise, but their success depends on stronger, more consistent implementation on the ground.
Technology, especially AI, has the potential to be a game-changer—whether in faster diagnosis, smarter healthcare delivery, or better data management. But to make the most of this potential, India needs to invest more in healthcare infrastructure, skilled professionals, and awareness campaigns.
There’s also a lot to learn from global health leaders like the United States, where strong public health systems and a focus on prevention have helped achieve better outcomes. For a country as vast and diverse as India, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, reaching the top ranks in global healthcare will require sustained efforts, inclusive policies, and a mindset shift that places health at the very centre of development.
If India can successfully combine its rich traditional wisdom with the best of modern science and technology, it can truly lead the way toward a healthier, more resilient future for all.
SOURCES
· https://students.med.psu.edu/md-students/oath/
· https://www.contractpharma.com/exclusives/by-the-numbers-look-at-the-top-10-pharmaceutical-companies/?utm_source=chatgpt.com
· https://ceoworld.biz/2024/04/02/countries-with-the-best-health-care-systems-2024/
· https://govhospitals.com/government-hospitals-blog/best-hospitals-in-india/
· https://rankings.newsweek.com/worlds-best-hospitals-2025
· https://accountabilityindia.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Ayushman-Bharat-Budget-Briefs-2023.pdf
· https://sansad.in/getFile/loksabhaquestions/annex/182/AU1887_XrGu06.pdf?source=pqals#:~:text=(a)%20to%20(c)%3A,)%20as%20on%20July%2C%202024.
· https://pmssy.mohfw.gov.in/index1.php?lang=1&level=1&sublinkid=81&lid=127
· https://time.com/4695558/yoga-breathing-depression/?utm_source=chatgpt.com
· https://corewellhealth.org/care-and-specialties/integrative-medicine/yoga-therapy?utm_source=chatgpt.com
· https://www.indiaspend.com/health/2025-tb-elimination-goal-marred-by-low-govt-spending-erratic-drug-diagnostics-supply-945448
By Rohan Thakur (Research Intern)
Youth Of Bharat
Introduction
Health is one of the most valuable treasures a person can have. As the World Health Organization defines it, health is not merely the absence of disease, but a state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing. In today’s modern lifestyle filled with stress, unhealthy eating, and lack of exercise, maintaining good health has become a real challenge. Yet, without health, even the richest people cannot enjoy life. As Emerson wisely said, "Health is wealth”.
The word "health" comes from the Old English word "hale," which means wholeness or being whole and sound. Good health is essential for every living being, as it reflects the physical and mental wellbeing that influences our daily lives. As Ralph Waldo Emerson once said, "Health is wealth," and Mahatma Gandhi said, "It is health that is real wealth and not pieces of gold and silver".
Why is good health is important? Being healthy, both mentally and physically, allows a person to enjoy life fully. It increases our ability to work efficiently and allow us to travel freely and enjoy life. Rich or poor, anyone can suffer from illness health does not discriminate. For instance, a diabetic person cannot enjoy sweet treats like ice cream or traditional sweets. They must limit their sugar intake, unlike a healthy individual who can eat freely without worry. Therefore, maintaining good health is not just a personal matter, but a necessity for a fulfilling and joyful life.
Hippocrates an ancient Greek physician is known as the “Father of Medicine”. He is credited with establishing a scientific approach to medicine, distinguishing it from religious or superstitious practices. Hippocrates is commonly portrayed as the paragon of the ancient physician and credited with coining the Hippocratic Oath, which is still relevant and in use today.
Top of Form
Bottom of Form
Symbol of Medicine
The rod of Asclepius is the historically correct symbol of the medical profession and is employed worldwide. Asclepius was the Greek god of medicine or healing. The rod is often depicted as a fat club being held by Asclepius with a single snake, gentle and benign, wrapped around it, consistent with gentle healing and idealized medicine.
The rod of Asclepius is recognized as the symbol of medicine which we see usually see on Ambulance, Hospitals and clinics which symbolizes healing, renewal, and the power of knowledge.
In our today’s world major health issues comes from long sitting hour on a place, which limit our movements, physical work and cause obesity. Obesity is the major cause for many minor and major diseases. In today’s hustle life where we can’t have proper healthy meals most of the youngsters usually eat fast foods because it’s cheap, can eat anywhere and easily consumable but major issue come after they consume it on regular basis which makes them obese high cholesterol in body and then major diseases like stomach pain, heart attack, gastric and digestion problems.
Therefore, understanding the importance of health and the principles that guide medical care is essential for leading a balanced and fulfilling life.
History of Medicine and Health Around the World
Medicines and surgery before 1800 were in their early stages of the trial-and-error phase. In the past, several caves and inscriptions were historians finding evidence of surgery, skull cut by sharp objects, different surgical tools discovered in various sites, and there are many pictures on caves that show that in the early era, surgery and medicine were in use. Magic and religion played a large part in the medicine of prehistoric or early human society. Administration of a vegetable drug or remedy by mouth was accompanied by incantations, dancing, grimaces, and all tricks of the magician. Therefore, the first-time doctors, or “medicine men,” were witch doctors or sorcerers. The use of charms and talismans, which is still prevalent in modern times, is of ancient origin.
Earliest form of medicines performed by Ancient civilization
Indian Medicine: Ayurveda, detailed in texts like the Charakasamhita and Sushrutasamhita, focused on balancing bodily substances and included surgical techniques, such as plastic surgery and cataract operations.
Chinese Medicine: Traditional Chinese medicine aims to balance these forces within the body. Practices included acupuncture, herbal remedies, and moxibustion, with foundational texts such as Huangdi Neijing dating back to the 3rd millennium BCE.
Mesopotamian Medicine: Known from clay tablets and the Code of Hammurabi, Mesopotamian medicine involves divination and rudimentary surgical practices, with severe penalties for medical failures.
Egyptian Medicine: Highlighted by figures such as Imhotep, Egyptian medicine included surgical treatments and herbal remedies documented in papyri, such as the Ebers Papyrus.
Modern Medicine
The Renaissance marked a turning point in the history of medicine, especially between the 16th and 18th centuries. This era saw a rise in scientific experiments and detailed studies of human anatomy, laying the foundation for modern medical practice.
One major breakthrough came in 1804 when German scientist Friedrich Serturner developed morphine as the first modern painkiller. This was followed by the discovery of other key medicines such as quinine and paracetamol.
Doctors have become more methodical in diagnosing diseases, and surgeries have become safer with the introduction of antiseptics and anesthesia. Public health has also become a major focus, leading to the establishment of hospitals and improved healthcare systems.
From the mid-18th to the early 19th centuries, medicine became a recognized profession. This period also opened doors for women in the medical field, where many began to work as nurses and physicians.
Global leading pharmaceutical companies (2024)
As of 2024, Roche Pharmaceutical Company, which is located in Basel, Switzerland, has a sale of $69,753 which is highest in the top 10 company list and the second line is Merck which is situated in Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA with the sale of $60,115, and the last in the top 10 companies is GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), which is located in Brentford, United Kingdom, with sales of $38,609. GlaxoSmithKline in comparison to Roche have $31,114 approximately 44.61% difference between them.
History of Medicine and Health in India
Health and medicine in India have a history as rich and diverse as its culture. From ancient times, India has been a pioneer in medical knowledge, blending science, spirituality, and nature to heal the human body. Long before modern hospitals existed, sages and physicians were studying diseases, developing treatments, and performing surgeries with remarkable precision. Systems like Ayurveda and Yoga emerged thousands of years ago, focusing on holistic wellbeing balancing the mind, body, and environment. The Sushruta Samhita, written centuries ago, details surgical techniques that astonish doctors even today. Meanwhile, Charaka’s teachings laid the foundation for diagnosis and natural remedies.
Over time, India absorbed medical wisdom from other civilizations, including Greek, Persian, and Arabic traditions, enriching its own practices. The colonial period introduced Western medicine, leading to hospitals and medical colleges. After independence, India made leaps in public health, pharmaceuticals, and medical research, becoming a global hub for affordable healthcare.
Ayurveda: Ayurveda is a whole-body (holistic) system of medicine that began in India more than 3,000 years ago. Ayurveda means the study of life. It takes a natural approach to all aspects of health and well-being.
Ayurveda is based on the idea that each person has certain life forces and everything in the universe is connected. Ayurveda mostly uses nutrition, lifestyle changes, and natural treatments. These are used to support balance and a return to health. Ayurveda is very focused on overall health. But it may use specific treatments for some diseases.
To promote traditional Indian system of Medicine under Ayush, the Ministry of Ayush is implementing Centrally Sponsored Scheme National Ayush Mission (NAM) and Central Sector Schemes providing financial assistance for promotion and popularisation of Ayush systems of medicine at National and International level namely, Ayush Oushadhi Gunavatta evam Uttpadan Samvardhan Yojana (AOGUSY), Promotion of International Cooperation (IC), Promotion of Information, Education and Communication (IEC), Scheme for Conservation, Development and Sustainable Management of Medicinal Plants (CDSMMP), Ayurswasthaya Yojana and Ayurgyan.
Major Ayurvedic Centers in India
12 National Institutes and 05 Research Councils under Ministry of Ayush are engaged in co-ordinating, formulating, developing, promoting and popularizing Ayush system of healthcare:
· All India Institute of Ayurveda, New Delhi
· National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur
· Rashtriya Ayurveda Vidyapeeth, Delhi
· National Institute of Naturopathy, Pune
· North Eastern Institute of Ayurveda & Homoeopathy, Shillong
· North Eastern Institute of Ayurveda and Folk Medicine Research, Pasighat.
· National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bengaluru
· Institute of Teaching & Research in Ayurveda, Jamnagar
· National Institute of Siddha, Chennai
· National Institute of Homoeopathy, Kolkata
· Morarji Desai National Institute of Yoga, New Delhi
· National Institute Of Sowa Rigpa (NISR), Leh
· Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences (CCRAS)
· Central Council for Research in Yoga and Naturopathy (CCRYN)
· Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine (CCRUM)
· Central Council for Research in Siddha (CCRS)
· Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy (CCRH)
Top 10 Pharmaceutical companies in Indi a
Sun Pharmaceutical Industries leads India's pharmaceutical sector with a market capitalization of ₹3,47,260 crores, followed by Divi’s Laboratories at ₹1,48,474 crores and Cipla at ₹1,18,167 crores. Torrent Pharmaceuticals holds ₹1,05,849 crores, Mankind Pharma ₹97,010 crores, and Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories ₹92,554 crores.
Lupin and Zydus Lifesciences have market capitalizations of ₹89,900 crores and ₹87,366 crores respectively. Aurobindo Pharma’s market cap is 23,098, while Glenmark Pharmaceuticals reported a revenue of ₹11,250 crores in FY 2023.
Top 10 Hospitals in India: In which the All India Institute of Medical Science (AIIMS), Delhi is on top, followed by AIIMS Bhubaneswar and at last Patna Medical College Hospital (PMCH).
1. All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Delhi
5. National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS)
10. Patna Medical College Hospital (PMCH), Patna
According to Newsweek data on top hospital list of worlds, India All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi rank 91, other than AIIMS the Medanta the Medicity from India Gurugram ranks 146 and PGIMER- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research from Chandigarh ranks 228 in the world’s Top hospital list. The top hospital Mayo Clinic – Rochester from Untied states of America ranks 1st in the list.
India Rank in Health care Index (2024)
India overall Health care Index is 45.84 with the rank of 29 according to 2024 data. The 1st rank goes to Taiwan with the Healthcare index of 78.72 following that South Korea rank 2 with Health care index of 77.7 and last the El Salvador with the health care index of 18.6 at the last with the rank of 110.
What India lacking to become rank 1 in Health care Index?
Cause and solution
1. Inadequate infrastructure: India has population of 143.81 which is the most populated country as of 2023 data. In that compare India infrastructure to healthcare system is not capable enough, in healthcare infrastructure particularly in rural areas there are shortage of equipment’s faculties, and personnel.
Solution: To increase public health care spending, expand healthcare insurance, introducing more schemes like AYUSH, usage of AI and new technologies in healthcare sectors.
2. Shortage of healthcare professionals: Shortage of healthcare professional is major issue when our country population reached 143.81 crores. There are many vacant seats for different medical professionals in different states to cover for example Bihar.
Solution: Providing scholarships to medical students, providing facilities of Government medical universities not just in urban but rural areas also. Filling vacant medical seats across different states. India has improved its doctor population ratio around 1: 836 which is better than WHO standard of 1: 1000, but we should not stop there and try to increase doctor population ratio so medical facilities can be provided to everyone in cheaper cost.
3. Disparities in access: disparities to access medical facilities to obtain necessary care across different population group. Individuals with limited English proficiency may find it challenging to communicate with healthcare providers.
Lower income people or who are poor get bad treatment as compared to rich people in medical clinics and hospitals. It’s necessary to understand medical information, and navigate the healthcare system.
Solution: Providing subsides to different population groups so they can access better healthcare facilities. Providing low-cost healthcare system for poor and financially aid people.
Using of new technology in healthcare sector for example ABHA card which provides digitalized medical records, easy access to doctors and healthcare professionals.
4. Urban rural divide: One of the major disparities we usually see in urban areas they have proper medical facilities, medicines and healthcare professionals but when we look into rural areas there is no such facilities, still today in many rural areas for small wounds and fever, body pain until it gets worse, they don’t go to clinic or hospital.
Solution: Providing awareness camps for different diseases and benefits of early treatments of diseases, providing better medical facilities in urban areas with reasonable cost, awareness about emergency treatments government schemes.
How India is good in health to other countries?
Health Care Index by Country 2025
Countries ranked below India include:
· Jordan
· Oman
· Italy
· South Africa
· Pakistan
According to the World Health Organization, India's healthy life expectancy at birth improved from 54.1 years in 2000 to 58.1 years in 2021. While this indicates progress, it remains below the global average, highlighting ongoing health challenges.
India's healthcare system exhibits several strengths that contribute to its comparative advantages over countries like Jordan, Oman, Italy, South Africa, and Pakistan. Key factors include:
1. Expanding Healthcare Infrastructure
India has significantly invested in healthcare infrastructure, with over 8,18,000 beds available across Primary Health Centres (PHCs), Community Health Centres (CHCs), Sub-District Hospitals (SDHs), District Hospitals (DHs), and Medical Colleges as of March 2023.
2. Robust Immunization Programs
India's Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) has achieved substantial coverage, with full immunization rates among children aged 12–23 months reaching 76.4%, according to the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5).
3. Increasing Government Health Expenditure
The Indian government's health expenditure has seen a significant rise, increasing by 85% from ₹47,353 crore in 2017–18 to ₹87,657 crore in 2024–25.
4. Comprehensive Health Information Systems
India's Health Management Information System (HMIS) facilitates data-driven decision-making by collecting and analyzing health data from approximately 2 lakh health facilities nationwide.
These factors collectively enhance India's healthcare delivery and public health outcomes, positioning it favorably in comparison to the mentioned countries.
Schemes
!. National Ayush Mission: The aim of (NAM) is to provide:
- Cost-effective and equitable AYUSH healthcare all over India by enhancing access to the services.
- Strengthening and revitalising the AYUSH systems enabling them to become prominent medical streams in the country in the healthcare sector.
- Improving educational institutions that can impart knowledge in AYUSH streams.
- Promoting quality control of AYUSH drugs by developing quality standards and ensuring the availability of AYUSH raw materials.
Budget Estimate of National Ayush Mission from 2021 to 2025:
The budget estimates of NAM had significantly increased from 2021 to 2025. In 2021 the Budget estimate was 553.8 crores and in 2025 is 1,275 crores which shows 130.24. It also shows that there is a sudden increase in budget estimate from 2022 to 2023 of 400 crores, then it stagnates in 2024 and increased from 1200 to 1275 crores around 75 crore increments in budget estimate.
2. Ayushman Bharat – Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY)
- ₹5 lakh free health insurance per year for poor families.
- Covers 10.74 crore families.
- Reduces out-of-pocket medical expenses.
- Free treatment at public & private empanelled hospitals.
- Pan-India portability use benefits anywhere in India.
- Focuses on quality secondary & tertiary care.
- Promotes digital health records and transparency.
- Encourages private sector participation.
- Supports Universal Health Coverage (UHC) goals.
PM-JAY budget from 2021 was 6,400 crore and then it increased in 2022 to 6,412 crores, in 2023 it rises to 7,200 crores, in 2024 7,500 crores and lastly in 2025 it rises to 9,406 crores. From 2024 to 2025 it increases 1906 crore approximately 25.41% increase in budget of 2025.
Yoga
Yoga is an ancient Indian discipline that harmonizes the body, mind, and spirit. Its origins trace back to the Indus-Saraswati Valley civilization around 2700 B.C., where it emerged as a holistic practice for physical, mental, and spiritual well-being
Core Practices in Yoga
The foundational practices of yoga, as outlined by Patanjali, include:
- Yama: Ethical restraints (e.g., non-violence, truthfulness).
- Niyama: Personal observances (e.g., cleanliness, contentment).
- Asana: Physical postures promoting strength and flexibility.
- Pranayama: Breath control techniques to regulate life force.
- Pratyahara: Withdrawal of senses to focus inward
- Dharana: Concentration on a single point or idea
- Dhyana: Meditative absorption leading to heightened awareness.
- Samadhi: State of blissful union with the self
Key Government Yoga Schemes
1. AYURGYAN Yojana
A Central Sector Scheme under the Ministry of Ayush, AYURGYAN supports education and research in Ayush disciplines, including yoga. It provides financial assistance for research activities and the development of educational infrastructure.
2. Information, Education, and Communication (IEC) Scheme
This scheme aims to raise awareness about Ayush systems through various media campaigns, seminars, and workshops, with a focus on rural outreach.
3. National AYUSH Mission (NAM)
NAM provides financial assistance to states and union territories for establishing AYUSH wellness centers, including those focusing on yoga and naturopathy, to promote holistic health care
4. Voluntary Certification Scheme for Yoga Professionals
Launched by the Ministry of Ayush in collaboration with the Quality Council of India, this scheme certifies yoga professionals to ensure standardized teaching and practice.
5. PM Yoga Awards
Announced annually on International Day of Yoga, these awards recognize outstanding contributions to the promotion and development of yoga at national and international levels.
Advantages of yoga
Physical Health Conditions Addressed by Yoga Therapy
- Musculoskeletal Issues: Yoga therapy is effective in managing chronic back pain, arthritis, and improving joint flexibility and posture.
- Cardiovascular Health: Regular practice can aid in reducing high blood pressure and improving heart health by lowering stress and inflammation levels.
- Respiratory Conditions: Breathing exercises in yoga can benefit individuals with asthma and other respiratory issues by enhancing lung function.
- Metabolic Disorders: Yoga supports weight management and can assist in controlling diabetes by improving insulin sensitivity
Mental and Emotional Health
1. BenefitsAnxiety and Depression: Yoga therapy can alleviate symptoms of anxiety and depression by promoting relaxation and reducing stress hormones.
- Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Mindfulness and breathing techniques in yoga help in managing PTSD symptoms by fostering a sense of safety and grounding.
- Addiction Recovery: Yoga supports individuals in recovery by enhancing self-awareness and coping mechanisms.
- Sleep Disorders: Regular practice can improve sleep quality by calming the nervous system and reducing insomnia.
Major countries to use Yoga in their lifestyle
It shows India with 150 million yoga practitioners and following them is united states and Canada with 35 and 7.6 million yoga practitioners.
Limitations:
Yoga, originating from India, faces several limitations that hinder its widespread practice across the country:
- Limited Participation
Despite its cultural roots, only about 11.8% of the Indian population practices yoga regularly, with a significant knowledge–practice gap.
- Barriers to Practice
Common obstacles include time constraints, family and occupational commitments, lack of encouragement, and limited access to yoga centers, especially in rural areas.
- Commercialization and Dilution
The global commercialization of yoga has led to its transformation into a fitness trend, often overshadowing its spiritual and philosophical roots.
- Quality of Instruction
The proliferation of yoga instructors without standardized training has resulted in varying levels of teaching quality, affecting the effectiveness and safety of yoga practices.
- Health and Safety Concerns
Improper practice of yoga poses can lead to injuries, especially among individuals with pre-existing health conditions.
- Cultural and Religious Sensitivities
Yoga's association with Hindu philosophy can lead to resistance in certain communities, particularly among those who view it as incompatible with their religious beliefs.
- Urban-Rural Disparities
Yoga practice is more prevalent in urban areas due to better infrastructure and awareness. In contrast, rural regions face challenges such as limited access to yoga centers and a lack of trained instructors.
Epidemic: Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious bacterial infection primarily affecting the lungs, though it can also impact other organs. It is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. TB spreads through the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks.
Common symptoms of TB are:
- Prolonged cough (sometimes with blood)
- Chest pain
- Weakness
- Fatigue
- Weight loss
- Fever
- Night sweats
Top Countries with Low TB Incidence Rates:
- United States
The U.S. has one of the lowest TB incidence rates globally, with approximately two out of every 100,000 people diagnosed with TB in 2020. - Canada
Canada's TB incidence rate is also among the lowest, reflecting strong public health policies and healthcare access. - Australia
Australia reports a low TB incidence, attributed to effective screening and treatment programs. - Germany
Germany has a low TB incidence rate, supported by comprehensive healthcare services and preventive measures. - United Kingdom
The UK maintains a low TB incidence, thanks to robust public health initiatives and early detection strategies. - France
France reports a low TB incidence rate, reflecting effective control programs and healthcare infrastructure. - Italy
Italy has a low TB incidence, supported by effective screening and treatment programs. - Japan
Japan maintains a low TB incidence rate, attributed to strong public health policies and healthcare access. - South Korea
South Korea reports a low TB incidence, reflecting effective control measures and healthcare infrastructure.
10. Singapore
Singapore has one of the lowest TB incidence rates globally, due to comprehensive healthcare services and preventive measures.
Countries with the highest tuberculosis (TB) burden
· India – 26% of global TB cases
· Indonesia – 10%
· China – 6.8%
· Philippines – 6.8%
· Pakistan – 6.3%
· Nigeria – 4.6%
· Bangladesh – 3.5
· Democratic Republic of the Congo – 3.1%
Why India has high tuberculosis burden?
Underfunded Program:
· India allocated only two-thirds of the required budget under its National Strategic Plan (NSP) for TB elimination.
· For example, Rs 123.27 billion earmarked for 2017–2020, only Rs 83.13 billion was actually allocated.
Poor Investment in Diagnostics:
· Only 2.1% of the TB budget was spent on diagnostics up to 2023–24.
· Outdated smear microscopy is still widely used over advanced NAAT-based testing.
Drug Shortages & Stockouts:
Frequent shortages of essential TB and MDR-TB drugs due to delays in procurement.
· Even after high spending, inefficiencies in tendering led to treatment disruptions.
Manpower & Infrastructure Gaps:
· Many states face significant vacancies in key TB program roles.
· Health facilities are often under-equipped and understaffed.
· In states like Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra, and Odisha, low fund utilization is partly linked to weak staffing and poor infrastructure.
Financial Burden on Patients:
· Over 45% of TB-affected families face catastrophic health costs.
· Many patients do not receive government benefits like the Nikshay Poshan Yojana
Ineffective Implementation:
· Several states underutilized their TB budgets.
· Poor data management and coordination impact the quality of care.
· With a reduction from 211 to 199 TB cases per 100,000 population, progress is slow compared to the target of reducing it to 44.
· About 17.23% of patients in Chhattisgarh did not receive the benefits of the NPY, the CAG had found in 2024.
Why United States have low tuberculosis burden?
• Strong Public Health System
Every state has dedicated TB control teams who monitor and manage cases closely.
A real-time tracking system helps catch outbreaks early and respond fast.
• Quick Diagnosis & Treatment
People have easy access to tests like chest X-rays, skin tests, and modern diagnostics.
Once TB is found—whether active or not—treatment starts right away, which stops it from spreading.
• Stopping TB Before It Starts
The U.S. focuses on treating “silent” TB (called latent TB) in high-risk people before it becomes active.
This preventive step is a big reason why TB doesn’t spread much.
• Contact Tracing That Works
When someone has TB, health workers quickly reach out to anyone who’s been close to them.
These contacts are tested and treated early, preventing more infections.
• Screening at the Border
Immigrants from countries with more TB are tested before they enter the U.S.
That helps control new TB cases from being brought in.
• Better Living Conditions
Less crowded housing, better nutrition, and lower HIV rates all reduce the risk of TB spreading.
Clean water, sanitation, and good hygiene also play a big role.
• People Know About TB
Awareness campaigns help people understand TB symptoms and seek help early.
Because there's less stigma, people aren’t afraid to come forward if they feel sick.
• Steady Funding & Smart Research
The U.S. government consistently funds TB programs and new research.
New tools like shorter treatments and better tests are used as soon as they’re available.
Conclusion
Health is the foundation of any strong and thriving society, and India's journey in this space is truly a unique blend of ancient traditions and modern innovation. From the time-tested practices of Ayurveda and Yoga to the growing network of hospitals and digital health services, India has come a long way in improving the well-being of its people.
Yet, despite this progress, some serious challenges remain. Many areas still struggle with poor infrastructure, a shortage of trained medical professionals, and an uneven distribution of healthcare between cities and villages. Diseases like tuberculosis continue to affect large numbers of people, showing us how much more work is needed.
To tackle these issues, the government has rolled out initiatives like the National AYUSH Mission and Ayushman Bharat, which aim to make healthcare more accessible and affordable. These programs hold great promise, but their success depends on stronger, more consistent implementation on the ground.
Technology, especially AI, has the potential to be a game-changer—whether in faster diagnosis, smarter healthcare delivery, or better data management. But to make the most of this potential, India needs to invest more in healthcare infrastructure, skilled professionals, and awareness campaigns.
There’s also a lot to learn from global health leaders like the United States, where strong public health systems and a focus on prevention have helped achieve better outcomes. For a country as vast and diverse as India, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, reaching the top ranks in global healthcare will require sustained efforts, inclusive policies, and a mindset shift that places health at the very centre of development.
If India can successfully combine its rich traditional wisdom with the best of modern science and technology, it can truly lead the way toward a healthier, more resilient future for all.
SOURCES
· https://students.med.psu.edu/md-students/oath/
· https://www.contractpharma.com/exclusives/by-the-numbers-look-at-the-top-10-pharmaceutical-companies/?utm_source=chatgpt.com
· https://ceoworld.biz/2024/04/02/countries-with-the-best-health-care-systems-2024/
· https://govhospitals.com/government-hospitals-blog/best-hospitals-in-india/
· https://rankings.newsweek.com/worlds-best-hospitals-2025
· https://accountabilityindia.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Ayushman-Bharat-Budget-Briefs-2023.pdf
· https://sansad.in/getFile/loksabhaquestions/annex/182/AU1887_XrGu06.pdf?source=pqals#:~:text=(a)%20to%20(c)%3A,)%20as%20on%20July%2C%202024.
· https://pmssy.mohfw.gov.in/index1.php?lang=1&level=1&sublinkid=81&lid=127
· https://time.com/4695558/yoga-breathing-depression/?utm_source=chatgpt.com
· https://corewellhealth.org/care-and-specialties/integrative-medicine/yoga-therapy?utm_source=chatgpt.com
· https://www.indiaspend.com/health/2025-tb-elimination-goal-marred-by-low-govt-spending-erratic-drug-diagnostics-supply-945448
By Rohan Thakur
(Research Intern Media)
Youth Of Bharat